InTranslations

Owen Aldis Translated Father Jacques Marquette's original journal in 1891 from French in to English

2012-01-19T10:27:00.000-08:00

Copper Relief Panel by Hermon A. MacNeil above the entrance to the Marquette Building at 140 South Dearborn Street illustrating how Father Jacques Marquette travelled by canoe with Native American Indians along the Chicago River.

Jesuit priest Jacques Marquette was a French-Canadian explorer with Louis Joliet during 1674-1675, who recorded his discovery journey through Illinois country by providing the first European documented description of the site of Chicago.

Owen F. Aldis was a real estate developer, fanatic historian, and one of the building's original owners, who translated Father Jacques Marquette's original journal in 1891, thus christening the structure with his name and inspiring artists to illustrate the explorers' journeys with their Native American companions at the Marquette Building, a national historic landmark honoring the history of Chicago's expedition by Marquette and Joliet.

The rotunda mosaic was designed by J.A. Holzer of the Tiffany Company. The glass colored mosaic panels are detailed artistic renditions depicting passages from the original Marquette journal detailing the journey of the explorers accompanied by Native American Indians wearing medallions, trophies, and illustrating characters representing period costumes, coat of arms, weapons, and historic icons.

Marquette Building, 140 S. Dearborn St. Chicago
MacArthur Foundation

HRH Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee in 2012

2012-01-10T07:54:00.000-08:00

('http://www.youtube.com/p/AE2F5D6EDDF65E79?version=3&hl=en_US',)

Illinois Certified Interpreter/Translator: A Victim of Heinous Hate Crimes in the Village of Lombard, DuPage County

2012-01-05T15:03:00.000-08:00

My name is Gardenia C. Hung (Wittler), a Lombard resident homeowner at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road who has become an Illinois Victim of Heinous Hate Crimes after I was involved with professional certified legal interpreting and translation with the Chicago Area Translators Association (CHICATA), the American Translators Association
(ATANET) and the Federation of Interpreters and Translators(FIT-IFT).

I have reported heinous hate crimes, physical abuse, kidnappings, forced hospitalizations, denial of civil procedure, abuse of human rights in housing under the law, conspiracy,
sedition, harassment, attempts to murder me during my sleep at home, repeated motor vehicle accidents and near-death experiences, to include the medical murder of my father Mr. Roberto Hung Mustelier Juris Doctor.

I have reported all accidents during the course of employment as a certified legal and medical interpreter/translators, member of CHICATA, ATA, FIT-IFT.

I am petitioning Illinois Crime Victims Compensation and Restitution as A Victim of Heinous Hate Crimes in the Village of Lombard York Township DuPage County Illinois USA.

A Winter Solstice Story

2011-12-22T16:29:00.000-08:00

A New Translation of the Catholic Roman Mass Service Petitioned by the Holy Father Pope Benedict XVI

2011-10-19T10:47:00.000-07:00

Through These Sacred Texts and The Actions That Accompany Them, Christ Will Be Made Present and Active in The Midst of His People. The Voice That Helped Bring These Words To Birth Will Have Completed Its Task.
--His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI

Preparing For The New Liturgy of The Word on November 27, 2011
We are preparing for the New Translation of the Catholic Roman Mass. On November 27th, the First Sunday of Advent, all Catholic parishes in the United States will begin praying with the texts of the Mass Service using a new English translation of The Roman Missal.

I Pray That in This Way Any Risk of Confusion and Bewilderment Will Be Averted, and the Change Will Serve Instead as A Springboard For A Renewal and A Deepening of Eucharistic Devotion All Over The English-Speaking World.--His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI

I Love Lucy Turns 60

2011-10-15T11:47:00.000-07:00

<span style='font-style: italic'>I Love Lucy</span> Turns 60

Communications Languages & Culture, Inc.'s VisualCV

2011-10-10T08:37:00.000-07:00

Communications Languages & Culture, Inc.'s VisualCV

Columbus Day Parade

2011-10-09T13:02:00.000-07:00

Columbus Day Parade

State lawmakers head to Cuba next week on trade mission

2011-09-01T13:50:00.000-07:00

State lawmakers head to Cuba next week on trade mission

A Near Death Experience for A Lombard Resident Homeowner in York Township, DuPage County, Illinois USA

2011-08-30T09:24:00.000-07:00

Since I moved to the Village of Lombard, I had several near-death experiences and motor vehicles with mechanical failures leading to accidents on the Illinois roads and highways. There was a bullet hole on the middle window of the Lombard Brick Bungalow facing Washington Boulevard at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road in the Village of Lombard, York Township, County of DuPage, Illinois, United States of America. My Lombard neighbors residing directly across Washington Boulevard reported criminal access to the Hung-Wittler Family garage after Midnight. Lombard Police Reports support criminal access to the Motor Vehicles owned by the Hung-Wittler Family during their Lombard residency as homeowners and taxpayers at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road.
When I was working as a Federal Employee Claims Examiner Analyst for the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Worman’s Compensation, Employment Standards Administration, General Services Administration at 230 South Dearborn Street, Klucynski Building on the 8th Floor, I had a motor vehicle accident while driving the Nissan 200SX near Lawrence Avenue in Chicago, Illinois during October 1991.
As a Lombard Victim of High Crimes at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road, all my Illinois Motor Vehicles suffered from human sabotage and conspiracy malfunction leading to mechanical failures, damages, and losses which caused accidents on the highway during the course of employment as a Certified Court Interpreter, Translator at the Illinois County Courts, City Courts, and Traffic Courts in Aurora, Addison, Elgin, Joliet, St. Charles, Waukegan, Highland Park, Wheaton, DeKalb, LaSalle, Grundy, Geneva, Chicago, Skokie, and during employment as a Communications Consultant for Arroyave Language Academy in Highland Park and Arlington Heights, Berlitz Schools of Languages, Inlingua School of Languages, as an Adjunct Faculty for the College of DuPage, Business Professional Institute, Center for Independent Learning. The AAA Motor Club and Shell Motor Club provided emergency towing service and assistance on the Illinois highways during Motor Vehicle Failures and Accident. The Illinois State Police have assisted and witnessed the Geo Tracker Rollover Accident I had off the ramp from Route 83, Kingery Hwy, leading to I-90 one evening, on my way to Highland Park for the Arroyave Academy evening class I was teaching, when I returned from Berlin, Germany and London, United Kingdom in Europe. During the rainy drive, the Geo Tracker Brakes failed to stop the motor vehicle driving up the ramp, and steered away from the road, off the highway onto to a water ditch. I could not stop the Geo Tracker from rolling off and driving into the water ditch off the ramp on I-90 and Route 83, Kingery Highway. The Geo Tracker was also stolen from the College of DuPage West Parking Lot by the Police Academy, while I was teaching Spanish for Health Care Professionals at the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, as reported by the Glen Ellyn Police Department. I have had Flat Tires before going to work at the College of DuPage. Also, the Geo Tracker had Electrical Failures when the Fuses Blew Out.
Then, when I used the Nissan 200SX, the Front Axle Broke Off and Right Front Tire Drove Off the highway on I-90 off Route 83, Kingery Highway, when I was on my way to the Arroyave Academy evening class I was teaching in Highland Park, Illinois. I had to call for Emergency Towing Service and cancel the last class I was teaching for Guillermo Arroyave Academy of Languages in Highland Park.
I tried to order a Brand New Mercedes SUV from Loeber Motors in Westmont, but the Motor Vehicle Has a Damaged Tire and Axle as an Imported Car from Germany—reported to the German-American Chamber of Commerce in Chicago, Illinois.
Afterwards, I used my Father’s White Mitsubishi Galant which was Damaged and Sabotaged when After Midnight Intruders into the Garage Used Glue Poured on the Engine, which Caused Smoke Leading to a Hole in the Engine Block—I have a Picture of the Hole in the Engine Block after the Mechanic Replaced the Entire Engine Block. The Mitsubishi Galant was permanently damages and given to Bongo’s Towing Service in Villa Park, Illinois.
Later, on May 29 and subsequently during June 2003, I purchased two (2) motorcycles, a Yamaha Zuma and a Derbi Boulevard 150 CC from Julio Aquino and Larry Wolfe at Champion Cycle Center, Inc. paying cash for both purchases. Both, the Yamaha Zuma and the Derbi Boulevard 150 CC suffered from Motorcycle Mechanical Failures at Champion Cycle Center, Inc.
A. MECHANICAL MALFUNCTION. THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC, WITHOUT A FOOT BRAKE, REQUIRES THE MOTORCYCLE DRIVER TO STOP THIS MOTOR VEHICLE WITH BOTH FEET. THE HANDLE BAR BRAKES CONTROL THE CYLINDER DISC BRAKE DRUM WHICH HAS BEEN SCRATCHED, WHILE THE (2) BRAKE PADS HAVE SLIPPED OFF, SLID OFF, CAUSING NOISY SQUEAKING, SHIRRING, AND SCRATCHING ON THE ROAD. IN ADDITION, THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC EMISSION EXHAUST SYSTEM IS STILL UNDER THE DERBI MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY. THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC HAS BEEN DAMAGED during the course of service by José Rivera, Service Manager, and the assigned mechanic, Jon Jon, due to carelessness, negligence per se, and failure to provide mechanical service for THE emission exhaust SYSTEM and THE welding of (2) two bolts securing the motor, as guaranteed by the DERBI MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY CONTRACT AND COVERAGE for Emission Exhaust Service (page 18, Derbi Red Power, Boulevard 150 cc., owners’ manual) which “covers class i motorcycle or motorscooter (50-169 cc): for a period of use of five (5) five years or 12,000 kilometers (7,456 miles), whichever first occurs. if an emission-related part on your motorscooter is defective, the part will be repaired or replaced by derbi. this is your emission control system defects warranty”; as well as in the Sales Purchase Agreement provided to the customer, gardenia c. hung, in this legal SETTLEMENT action. THE DERBI WARRANTY SERVICE CONTRACT APPROVED THE EMISSION EXHAUST SERVICE AND WELDING REPAIR ACCORDING JOSE RIVERA, SERVICE MANAGER AT THE CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO. THIS EMISSION EXHAUST SERVICE AND WELDING REPAIR REQUIRED A DETAILED DISASSEMBLY, TO TAKE APART THE ENTIRE DERBI EMISSION EXHAUST AND MOTOR SYSTEM FOR WELDING AND CLEAN UP MAINTENANCE, VERY CAREFULLY DONE BY A CERTIFIED WELDER MECHANIC, OFF-SITE, NOT AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO—SINCE DUST, DEBRIS, AND DIRT HAD PENETRATED THE DERBI EXHAUST EMISSION AND MOTOR SYSTEM WHEN JON JON, THE MECHANIC, HAD OVERDRILLED the HOLE FOR THE SECURING BOLTS WHICH HAD BROKEN OFF THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC ON THE ROAD. FOR THE RECORD, DEFERNDANTS AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO, FAILED TO PROVIDE THE REQUIRED DERBI EMISSION EXHAUST SERVICE AND WELDING OF THE (2) TWO BOLTS SECURING THE MOTOR AS PROMISED TO THE CONSUMER, PLAINTIFF PRO SE, GARDENIA C. HUNG, IN THIS LEGAL SETTLEMENT ACTION.
b. ELECTRICAL MALFUNCTION. 0N NOVEMBER 11, 2004, THE ELECTRICAL BATTERY IN THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC STOPPED WORKING, DUE TO FRAYED ELECTRICAL WIRES, AND A POWER LEAK DUE TO A CRACKED HOLE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE BATTERY PLATE AND COMPARTMENT UNDER THE SEAT. FURTHERMORE, THE ELECTRICAL FUSES WERE CHANGED AND REPLACED BY THE DEFENDANTS, THAT IS TO SAY JON JON, MECHANIC. AS PROOF, THERE ARE STRIPPED NUT BOLTS SECURING THE BATTERY, DUE TO OVERDRILLING WITH A POWER DRILL USED BY JON JON, DEFENDANTS AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER INC. IN CHICAGO. IN ADDITION, THERE IS THE OMISSION OF THE BATTERY PLATE WITH A CRACKED HOLE, WHICH HAS BEEN REMOVED BY THE DEFENDANTS AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO DURING 2004, 2005, AND 2006. THE REMOVAL OF THE 2003 DERBI BATTERY PLATE HAS CAUSED WEATHER EXPOSURE AND ENERGY LEAKAGE TO RUST AND PERMANENTLY RUIN THE ELECTRICAL WIRING, BATTERY POSTS, AND 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC OPERATING SYSTEM.
C. FUNCTIONAL DISREPAIR OF THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC CAUSED BY THE DEFENDANTS AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO HAS RENDERED THIS MOTORCYCLE INOPERABLE UNDER THE 625 ILCS 5/1-100 ET SEQ. ILLINOIS VEHICLE CODE. ESSENTIAL PARTS. TO DATE, THIS MOTORCYCLE DOES NOT HAVE THE REQUIRED LEGAL FOOT BRAKE. IT IS STILL MISSING (2) BRAKE PADS WHICH HAVE SLID AND SHIRRED OFF THE DISC DRUM BRAKES. THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150 NOW HAS A RUSTED BATTERY, WITHOUT A BATTERY PLATE, DAMAGED BATTERY POSTS, FRAYED ELECTRICAL WIRES WITHOUT POWER THROUGHOUT THE MOTORCYCLE TO START THE IGNITION SYSTEM. THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150CC DOES NOT START OR RUN AS A MOTORCYCLE.
II. CONTENTION OF THE PARTIES
Plaintiff PRO SE claims MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND FUNCTIONAL damages and losses to the brand new motorcycle Derbi Boulevard 150 and Yamaha Zuma, purchased from Champion Cycle Center, Inc. and sales agent, Julio Aquino, on May 29, 2003, and June 11, 2003. Within (1) one year of purchase, from 2003 through to 2004, the same motorcycle has been extensively damaged mechanically, electrically, and functionally during the course of service by José Rivera, Service Manager, and the assigned mechanic, Jon Jon, due to carelessness, negligence per se, and failure to provide mechanical service for emission exhaust and welding of (2) two bolts securing the motor, as guaranteed by the DERBI MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY CONTRACT AND COVERAGE for Emission Exhaust Service (page 18, derbi red power, boulevard 150 cc., owners’ manual) which “covers class i motorcycle or motorscooter (50-169 cc): for a period of use of five (5) five years or 12,000 kilometers (7,456 miles), whichever first occurs. if an emission-related part on your motorscooter is defective, the part will be repaired or replaced by derbi. this is your emission control system defects warranty”; as well as in the Sales Purchase Agreement provided to the customer, gardenia c. hung, in this legal action.
plaintiff pro se CONTENDS THAT DEFENDANTS AT CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. IN CHICAGO ARE LIABLE FOR CONSUMER SERVICE FRAUD, BREACH OF THE DERBI MANUFACTURER’S WARRANTY CONTRACT, AND PRODUCT LIABILITY FOR THE 2003 DERBI BOULEVARD 150 CC, WHICH DEFENDANTS, THAT IS TO SAY, MICHAEL WOLFE, MANAGER, ALSO DOCUMENT AS A PRODUCT DISCREPANCY, LISTING THE SAME MOTORCYLE AS A 2002 DERBI BOULEVARD, OR A MODEL ATLANTIS FOR SERVICE PARTS, IN THE SERVICE REPAIR ORDERS FROM CHAMPION CYCLE CENTER, INC. AS NOTED IN EXHIBITS A AND B.
CASE IN POINT, Plaintiff PRO SE’S chronology for discovery leading to damages and losses involving the derbi boulevard 150 during the course of service in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006, based on service work orders by champion cycle center, inc. chicago.
1. May 29, 2003.- Brand new purchase of motorcycle Yamaha Zuma with a Foot Starter Crank from Salesperson, Julio Aquino, on-site.
2. June 11, 2003.- Brand new purchase of motorcycle Derbi Boulevard 150 from Salesperson Julio Aquino, with Derbi Warranty Service, without a foot brake. Returned in exchange Yamaha Zuma.
3. June 30, 2003.- For Derbi Boulevard 150, Oil and Filter Change/Inspection.
4. August 27, 2003.- For Derbi Boulevard 150, Electrical System is Out. No Power.*
5. October 5, 2003.- For Derbi Boulevard 150, Reconnect Speedo, Oil Change, Check
Over Bike.
6. October 17, 2003.- Derbi Boulevard 150, Does Not Start. (Electrical)*
7. October 30, 2003.- Replace Front Turning Signals.
8. November 8, 2003.- Front Headlight Does Not Work. Turns Off on the Road at Night While Driving on the Highway. No Front Headlight.*
9. April 3, 2004.- For Derbi Boulevard 150, Exhaust Bolts Break Off.* Temporary Repair by Jon Jon.
10. April 23, 2004.-“Customer is Informed Vehicle is Not Safe to Drive. Exhaust is Loose and Will Assume Responsibility. Loose Nut Bolt.Exhaust Bolt Broke Off. Mechanic Jon Jon overdrilled nut bolt hole and added a larger nut bolt temporarily. (Not Repaired Fully Under Derbi Warranty Service because the motorcycle had to be sent off-site for extensive repair)*
11. June 11, 2004.- Derbi Warranty Expired.
12. August 6, 2004.- Tune Up/Oil Change Service on-site.
13. September 23, 2004.- Check Headlight. Off. Open Seat. Brakes.
14. October 12, 3004.- Replace Front Brakes, Oil Change, Glue Front Right Signal Light.*
15. November 11, 2004.- Warranty – Exhaust – Screw on Battery. Underseat Plastic.
16. 2005.- Derbi Boulevard 150 Battery is Rusted along the Posts and All Electrical Wires. No Repair Done by Champion Cycle Center, Inc. Chicago. No Notice to Plaintiff by Telephone, Mail or in any way.
17. April 4, 2006.-Plaintiff’s Inspection notes Missing Battery Compartment Underseat Plate has been Removed at the Bottom. On-site Defendants Have Broken Right Turning Signal Light. No Repair Done At All since November 2004. Weather Exposure Outside Has Rusted Battery, Posts & Wires. Derbi Boulevard 150 Motorcycle Does Not Start. It is Inoperable. José Rivera Refuses to Repair this Motorcycle again, though Defendants have Broken the Right Turning Signal Light, On-Site at Champion Cycle Center, Inc. Chicago.
April 11, 2006.- José Rivera Telephoned Plaintiff to Start Charging Storage Fees On-Site for Derbi Boulevard 150, Though Defendants Have Not Repaired the Same as Requested during November 2004.

In the Village of Lombard, I had to engage the local mechanics for service repair and maintenance at Firestone Cassidy Tire and Auto Service at 444 West Roosevelt Road, Lombard Auto Shop on Main Street and Madison Street, Westmore Towing Services, Nuts and Bolts Auto Repair at 333 South Main Street, Midas Muffler Auto Service at 832 East Roosevelt Road, and other Illinois Body & Fender Auto Repair Shops.

When I moved to the Village of Lombard during September 1993, the Hung-Wittler Family had four (4) Motor Vehicles which have been damaged, deliberately sabotaged by humans, and disabled after midnight at the garage for 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road and Washington Boulevard. Although I still drive, I no longer have any Motor Vehicles in the Village of Lombard due to Conspiracy, Sabotage, Mechanical Failure, Damages and Losses at 502 S. Westmore-Meyers Road. The Village of Lombard owes Compensation for Motor Vehicles Damages and Losses to the Surviving Family of Mr. Roberto Hung, daughter, and son-in-law Nathan S. Wittler as Illinois Victims of High Crimes in York Township, County of DuPage, Illinois, U.S.A.

Lombard Police & Fire Department Caused All The Damages for Hung.wmv

2011-08-07T14:16:00.000-07:00

Scholars and Dalai Lama discuss compassion, humanity in Chicago - WGN Radio

2011-07-18T17:16:00.000-07:00

Scholars and Dalai Lama discuss compassion, humanity in Chicago - WGN Radio

A Certified Legal Court Intepreter and Translator as A Victim of High Crimes in Lombard, DuPage County, Illinois USA

2011-02-24T15:38:00.000-08:00

Kidnapping Lombard Resident Homeowners by the Lombard Police and Fire Department Paramedics Forced Hospitalizations Against Lombard Real Estate Property
A Victim of Torture and Crime in DuPage County, Illinois

On the 25th Anniversary of the National Center for Victims of Crime, I remember how I was a Victim of Torture and Crime in DuPage County, Illinois, as a Lombard resident homeowner at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road and Washington Boulevard, near St. Pius X Catholic Church and School. I was kidnapped from the Master bedroom of a historic Lombard bungalow while I was sleeping after midnight. The house keys to our family home were passed around to Lombard Police and covert informants, so they could have unauthorized access entry to the Hung-Wittler family home when the Lombard resident homeowners were working during the day, afternoon or nights.

After midnight, I woke up suddenly and noticed a group of men around the bed. Someone pulled me away from my husband who was sleeping next to me. I started to scream out his name, while the man pulled me forcefully away from my husband who was still in bed. The man carried me away in the new pajamas I had bought at Yorktown Center in Lombard.

The man was tall and strong while he pulled me away and carried me. The intruder used a hypodermic needle to induce drugs so I would pass out and stop screaming.

Since I remember that I was taken away from the Village of Lombard to another town where I was tortured. During the torture session, my fingers and the palms of my hands were passed over hot flames and singed to damages my fingerprints—I passed out from the pain and abuse of torture. The tips of my fingers were numb and flat. My hands have become weak and I cannot grasp objects which slip away from my fingers and drop onto the floor. I have lost the sense of grasping from both hands and fingers.

After Mr. Roberto Hung, J.D. was abused and murdered by Respiratory Therapist Ben Aguilar at Vencor Northlake Hospital in Cook County, Illinois, the Lombard Police Department had me kidnapped while I was sleeping with my husband Nathan Scott Wittler in the Master Bedroom at 502 S. Westmore-Meyers Road and Washington Boulevard in the Village of Lombard, County of Du Page, Illinois. The Lombard Police had unauthorized access entry to the Hung Family home after midnight and opened the porch side door with a key, allowing several skin head males to come into the Hung Family home when I, Gardenia C. Hung-Wittler was sleeping with my husband Nathan Scott Wittler. Then one of the skin head men pulled me off the bed, away from my husband and began to inject me, to take me away from my home in Lombard. The unknown skin head man kidnapped me away from my family and took me to a hospital in Du Page County, Illinois. I never received any medical records or reports from the DuPage County Hospital near the Village of Lombard in Illinois. I have been kidnapped on several occasions by the Lombard police who also forced my hospitalization at Elmhurst Memorial Hospital, Ward D. I reported forced hospitalization by the Lombard Police at Elmhurst Memorial Hospital, medical service fraud and abuse of a patient to the health insurance company.

Kidnappings of Lombard resident homeowners after midnight in the Village of Lombard arranged by the Police and Fire Department are common for forced hospitalizations, induced drug injected for overdose, and physical abuse of patients in the County of DuPage in Illinois, USA. The Lombard resident homeowners are kidnapped and sequestered in psychiatric wards overdosed by medications to cause high medical and hospitalizations billings at the expense of the Lombard real estate properties in DuPage County, Illinois, USA

Victims of Crime Rights in the State of Illinois, USA

2011-02-13T14:24:00.000-08:00

My name is Gardenia C. Hung-Wittler, a certified legal court interpreter and translator, kidnapped and abused during the course of an intepreting assigment given by Interlate Systems, Inc., managed by Brad White and Rene Hoefstader, Maria Contreras in Aurora and Elgin, Illinois. I am writing to file my complain about: Abuse of Victims of Crime Rights Under the Constitution of the State of Illinois

For the last twenty (20) years, I, Gardenia C. Hung-Wittler, and other surviving family members of Mr. Roberto Hung Mustelier, J.D., himself included, have all been abused as Victims of Crime in the Village of Lombard, in the County of DuPage, in the State of Illinois, after they purchased two (2) Lombard historic homes. The Hung Fong and Wittler families are being denied Victims of Crime Rights under the Constitution of the State of Illinois and the Constitution of the United States of America.

Crime Victims’ Rights

•(a) Crime Victims, as defined by law, shall have the following rights as provided by law:
•(1) The right to be treated with fairness and respect for their dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice process.
•(2) The right to notification of court proceedings.
•(3) The right to communicate with the prosecution.
•(4) The right to make a statement to the court at sentencing.
•(5) The right to information about the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused.
•(6) The right to timely disposition of the case following the arrest of the accused.
•(7) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused throughout the criminal justice process.
•(8) The right to be present at the trial and all other court proceedings on the same basis as the accused, unless the victim is to testify and the court determines that the victim’s testimony would be materially affected if the victim hears other testimony at the trial.
•(9) The right to have present at all court proceedings, subject to the rules of evidence, an advocate or other support person of the victim’s choice.
•(10) The right to restitution.
•(b) The Illinois General Assembly may provide the law for the enforcement of this Section.
•(c) The Illinois General Assembly may provide for the assessment against convicted defendants to pay for the crime victims’ rights.
•(d) Nothing in this Section or in any law enacted under this Section shall be construed as creating a basis for vacating a conviction or a ground for appellate relief in any criminal case. (Section 8.1 added by the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution. Approved November 3, 1992, effective November 23, 1992).

www.ncvc.org

Bimbi y su trio - La Fruta Bomba

2011-01-12T05:29:00.000-08:00

Web Design Blog | Wix.com: Maravilloso! Showcase of Latin American Websites

2011-01-10T05:33:00.000-08:00

Web Design Blog | Wix.com: Maravilloso! Showcase of Latin American Websites

Languages and The Media Post-Conference Report Link

2010-12-21T11:20:00.000-08:00

Sprachen und Media - Les langues dans l'audiovisuel

8th International Conference and Exhibition on Language Transfer in Audiovisual Media at the Hotel Intercontinental 6-8 October 2010, in Berlin, Germany

NEW MEDIA, NEW CONTEXTS, NEW TRANSLATOR PROFILES? POST-CONFERENCE REPORT

http://www.languages-media.com/downloads/LM_postreport_2010.pdf

www.languages-media.com

Next Conference: October 2012, Hotel Intercontinental, Berlin, Germany

When I attended the Languages and the Media Conference at the Hotel Intercontinental in Berlin, Germany, the Federation of International Translators hosted all participants with a Reception and Welcome Hosts to visit Alexanderplatz, the surrounding educational institutions, the International Exhibition on Language Transfer and Audiovisual Media. I was able to visit Berlin and drive through the Brandenburg Gate on the way to the Hotel Intercontinental in 1996. It was a memorable experience to participate in the Languages and The Media Conference in Berlin, Germany.

Santiago de Cuba 37°C a la sombra # 1

2010-11-30T13:24:00.000-08:00

Abuse of Human Rights in Housing Under the Law by the Village of Lombard, DuPage County, Illinois, United States of America

2010-10-25T07:58:00.000-07:00

My name is Gardenia C. Hung (Fong) Wittler, eldest daughter of Mr. Roberto Hung Mustelier, and Lombard resident homeowner at 502 South Westmore-Meyers Road and Washington Boulevard, Post Office Box 1274, Lombard, Illinois 60148-8274, in DuPage County, citizen of the United States of America. Originally, I was born in Santiago de Cuba, in the province of Oriente, in the country of Cuba, on December 27, 1958, the eldest daughter of Dr. Roberto Hung Mustelier, J.D. and Mrs. Gardenia Fong Ramos, both natural parents of Chinese-Cuban descent, whose grandfathers were Chinese nationals from southern China, Hong Kong, Canton province in mainland China. Since I have lived in the Village of Lombard, I have been a victim of heinous hate crimes, emotional distress, personal tragedy, physical abuse, a broken right toe which has developed into a hammertoe with painful muscle tension around the twisted right ankle (attached photos), harassment, sedition, kidnapping on several occasions, inducing drug while I was sleeping at home--injecting me behind the ear, around the neck area, thighs, ankles, toes, and feet, conspiracy, contrived auto accidents due to mechanical failure, motor breakdown, faulty brakes, broken front axle, electrical wiring failure on the motorcycle Derbi Boulevard 150 CC, a broken Sears Craftsman Deluxe Lawn Mower, damaged auto vehicles, victim of criminal disaster roofing for water damages and losses, burglary, theft. I have been married to former U.S. Navy Postal Clerk Nathan Scott Wittler (Patriquin) during the years of victimization from June 18, 1988 through June 17, 1994, when Nathan S. Wittler filed for a divorce by proxy in West Dummerston, Vermont, New England in the United States of America.

For the last seventeen (17) years, I have worked as a legal, medical, technical interpreter and translator while I have lived in the Village of Lombard, in the Counties of Du Page, Cook, Will, Kane, Grundy, LaSalle, Lake in Illinois, United States of America. During the same period of time, I have been employed as a certified freelance court interpreter and translator for Interlate Systems, Inc. in Elgin and Aurora, Arroyave Languages Academy in Arlington Heights and Highland Park, Palencia Language Services in Chicago, Accurate Translations Bureau in Hinsdale, and other translation agencies in the U.S.A. I have been an active member of the Chicago Area Translators and Interpreters Association (CHICATA) www.chicata.org, the American Translators Association (ATA) www.atanet.org, the International Federation of Translators (FIT) www.fit-ift.org. I have been commissioned as an Illinois Notary Public in Cook and Du Page County, Illinois. In addition, I have worked as faculty at the College of Du Page in Glen Ellyn and Lombard for Good Samaritan Hospital, Central Du Page Hospital, National Chiropractic College (NCC) , also known as the University of Health and Sciences in Lombard, as well as for other companies sponsored by the College of Du Page Business Institute Programs for Health Communications.

Prior to living in the western suburbs, during January 1991, I resided on the northwest side of Chicago, while I worked as certified interpreter and translator for Action Translation Bureau in Palos Heights and Carmen Kenny and Associates in Arlington Heights, Illinois upon assignment at the Illinois Industrial Commission Arbitration Center for Workers’ Compensation . In addition, I was hired for temporary assignment by Diplomatic Languages Services based in Arlington, Virginia. Later, I was employed as a medical claims examiner for the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Workers’ Compensation (OWCP), Employment Standards Administration (ESA), General Services Administration (GSA). www.dol.gov

During seventeen years of residency in the Village of Lombard as a homeowner, I have participated as an active volunteer for the Lombard Service League, Friends of the Helen M. Plum Library Committee, Friends of the Park, the Lombard Garden Club, Friends of the Court in Wheaton, Court Advocacy Programs in Illinois; as well as faculty and committee/community volunteer at the College of DuPage, for the Latin American Studies Committee with Zinta Conrad and the European Heritage Committee with Ann Cotton.

While I growing up, I never had to worry about having a roof above my head and a place to live, until I moved to the Village of Lombard, Du Page County, Illinois, in the United States of America. My great-grandparents and great-great grandparents in mainland China, Taiwan, and Cuba, all owned their own real estate property, private homes, and purchased land parcels to lease to others. All American family members living throughout the United States of America, have real estate holdings today under the same family name. As the eldest daughter of an attorney, judge, and university professor, I was fortunate to have been born with the same family name and real estate land holdings and accounts where my name was listed. Only the Village of Lombard in the York Township community has questioned my human rights in housing under the law after seventeen years (17) years of homeownership as a Lombard resident and U.S. citizen in the State of Illinois during the 21st century—after my Father and I, purchased a Lombard Historical Brick Bungalow at 502 S. Westmore Avenue, at the corner of Washington Boulevard, one block northwest from Westmore Elementary School and one block southeast from St. Pius X Catholic Church and School, only three blocks from the Illinois Secretary of State Drivers Vehicle Facility at the Eastgate Shopping Center along Westmore-Meyers Road and half a mile from the York Township Community Center. For the last seventeen (17) years, the Village of Lombard has been denying U.S. Constitutional rights in housing under the law in the State of Illinois to me as a Lombard resident homeowner and U.S. citizen in the State of Illinois. And for the same period, the Village of Lombard Town Hall, Police and Fire Department, have been using me, as a Victim of Crime while being a working Lombard resident homeowner and U.S. citizen, in Du Page County, Illinois in the United States of America. Thus, the Village of Lombard, Town Hall, Police and Fire Department, including Du Page County have been violating my human rights in housing under the law and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, in the U.S.A. today.

For the record, the Hung Family purchased the Lombard Brick Bungalow on September 2, 1993 and moved to the Village of Lombard in DuPage County, Illinois during the Autumn 1993 from the Northwest side of Chicago, Cook County. The Hung Family have been Lombard resident homeowners at the corner of 502 S. Westmore-Meyers Road and Washington Boulevard, near Saint Pius X Catholic Church and Westmore Elementary School, all victims of heinous hate crimes, criminal disaster demolition, persecution, harassment, and physical abuse, car accidents, and forced hospitalizations in DuPage County, Illinois USA. The Village of Lombard and DuPage County, have been stealing from the Hung Family personal, family belongings, household electronics, kitchen equipment, and professional company assets and resources belonging to the company Communications, Languages & Culture, Inc. without compensating or restituting the Estate of Mr. Roberto Hung and Family and/or the company Communications, Languages & Culture, Inc. in the State of Illinois, United States of America.

The Village of Lombard is denying me human rights in housing under the law as a Lombard Victim of Heinous Hate Crimes, during seventeen (17) years of living in Du Page County as resident homeowner and U.S. citizen, when David Hulseberg continues in the refusal to provide lawful lodging, compensation, and restitution for criminal disaster roofing damages and losses, considered to be violations of the Bill of Rights under the Constitution of the State of Illinois.

During 2009-2010 and the celebration of the Bicentennial of the late President Abraham Lincoln’s two hundredth anniversary, the Constitution of the State of Illinois still upholds “inherent and inalienable human rights” listed under the Bill of Rights, Section 1, Section 2, Section 6, Section 8.1, Section 12, Section 15, Section 17, Section 18, Section 20, Section 23, Section 24, as follow:

Inherent and Inalienable Rights

All men (and women) are by nature free and independent and have certain inherent

and inalienable rights among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To

secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among

men (and women) deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

Due Process and Equal Protection

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law nor be

be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Searches, Seizures, Privacy and Interceptions

The people shall have the right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and other

possessions against unreasonable searches, seizures, invasions of privacy or

interceptions of communications by eavesdropping devices or other means. No warrant

shall be issued without probable cause, supported by affidavit particularly describing the

place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Crime Victims’ Rights

(a) Crime Victims, as defined by law, shall have the following rights as provided by law:

(1) The right to be treated with fairness and respect for their dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice process.

(2) The right to notification of court proceedings.

(3) The right to communicate with the prosecution.

(4) The right to make a statement to the court at sentencing.

(5) The right to information about the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused.

(6) The right to timely disposition of the case following the arrest of the accused.

(7) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused throughout the criminal justice process.

(8) The right to be present at the trial and all other court proceedings on the same basis as the accused, unless the victim is to testify and the court determines that the victim’s testimony would be materially affected if the victim hears other testimony at the trial.

(9) The right to have present at all court proceedings, subject to the rules of evidence, an advocate or other support person of the victim’s choice.

(10) The right to restitution.

(b) The Illinois General Assembly may provide the law for the enforcement of this Section.

(c) The Illinois General Assembly may provide for the assessment against convicted defendants to pay for the crime victims’ rights.

(d) Nothing in this Section or in any law enacted under this Section shall be construed as creating a basis for vacating a conviction or a ground for appellate relief in any criminal case. (Section 8.1 added by the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution. Approved November 3, 1992, effective November 23, 1992).

Right to Remedy and Justice

Every person shall find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he receives to his (or her) person, privacy, property or reputation. He (or She) shall obtain justice by law, freely, completely, and promptly.

Right to Eminent Domain

Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation as provided by law. Such compensation shall be determined by a jury as provided by law.

No Discrimination in Employment or in the Sale or Rental of Property

All persons have the right to be free from discrimination on the basis of race, color, creed, national ancestry and sex in the hiring and promotion of any employer or in the sale or rental of property.

These rights are enforceable without action by the Illinois General Assembly, but the Illinois General Assembly by law may establish reasonable exemptions relating to these rights and provide additional remedies for their violation.

No Discrimination on the Basis of Sex

The equal protection of the laws shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex by the State of Illinois or its units of local government and school districts.

Individual Dignity

To promote individual dignity, communications that portray criminality, depravity or lack of virtue in, or that incite violence, hatred, abuse or hostility toward a person or group of persons by reason or by reference to religious, racial, ethnic, national or regional affiliation are condemned.

Fundamental Principles

A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty. These blessings cannot endure unless the people (of the State of Illinois) recognize their corresponding individual obligations and responsibilities.

Right Retained

The enumeration in this Constitution (of the State of Illinois) of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the individual citizens of the State of Illinois.

Illinois Blue Book of Government, 2009-2010. Edited by Jesse White Secretary of State.

For the last seventeen (17) years, the Village of Lombard has been denying U.S. Constitutional rights in housing under the law in the State of Illinois to me as a Lombard resident homeowner and U.S. citizen in the State of Illinois. And for the same period, the Village of Lombard Town Hall, Police and Fire Department, have been using me, as a Victim of Crime while being a working Lombard resident homeowner and U.S. citizen, in Du Page County, Illinois in the United States of America. Thus, the Village of Lombard, Town Hall, Police and Fire Department, including Du Page County have been violating my human rights in housing under the law and the Constitution of the State of Illinois, in the U.S.A. today.

Lombard Policeman Fractured Right Toe on the foot of Gardenia C. Hung causing a hammertoe and a pigeon foot in the Village of Lombard, without reason
http://medicalcommunications.blogspot.com/2009_06_01_archive.html

UNESCO WORLD ATLAS OF WORLD LANGUAGES IN DANGER

2010-10-12T14:06:00.000-07:00

The online edition of the Atlas includes all of the information in the print edition (soon to be released) and much more. Using this interface, you can browse through the endangered languages listed in the 2009 edition of UNESCO’s Atlas, using combinations of search criteria and/or zooming in the map below (see. browsing functionalities). For more detailed information, please consult the Language names and locations, Contribute your comments and FAQ pages.

Hispanic Heritage Celebration

2010-09-20T11:16:00.000-07:00

Hispanic Heritage Celebration: "Música Aquí!" from Gardenia Hung on Vimeo.

The Latin American Studies Committee hosted an Open House Celebrating Hispanic Heritage with Music performed by Roberto Arce and his wife, arranged by G. Hung and coordinated with Zinta Conrad, Flora Breidenbach, and other faculty members at the College of DuPage Foreign Languages and Communications Department in Glen Ellyn. G. Hung contacted the Chicago Old Town School of Folk Music who referred Roberto Arce and his wife to perform Latin American popular and vintage music in the guitar with vocal accompaniment at the College of DuPage Center in Glen Ellyn, DuPage County, Illinois.

Dedicado a Alicia Alonso: Festival Internacional de Ballet de La Habana
Asistirán las compañías Royal Ballet de Londres, English National Ballet, Scala de Milán, Ballet del Teatro Colón, Américan Ballet Theatre y un grupo de estrellas del New York City Ballet
Abel Oliveras

La Habana, 18 sep (AIN) El XXII Festival Internacional de Ballet de La Habana, del 28 de octubre al siete de noviembre próximos, tiene programados 12 estrenos y estará dedicado a la prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso.

En declaraciones a la prensa este viernes, en el hotel Meliá Cohiba, Alicia significó que este evento tiene algo que no poseen otros de su tipo: el arte como comunicación perfecta entre los seres humanos.

Importantes compañías, como el Royal Ballet de Londres, el English National Ballet, la Scala de Milán y el Ballet del Teatro Colón, se unirán al Ballet Nacional de Cuba, el anfitrión, para regalar lo mejor del panorama danzario actual.

El Américan Ballet Theatre y un grupo de estrellas del New York City Ballet visitarán la Isla para rendir tributo a Alicia, quien además preside el festival.

Pedro Simón, director del Museo Nacional de la Danza, destacó dentro de la programación del evento galas dedicadas a los bailarines rusos Galina Ulanova y Vladimir Vasiliev, además de un homenaje en ocasión del centenario del escritor Lezama Lima, que incluye una pieza inspirada en el poema Muerte de Narciso.

El festival reserva una amplia muestra del trabajo artístico de la prima ballerina, y clásicos como La bella durmiente del bosque, Giselle, Coppelia y El lago de los cisnes.

A su vez, tendrán su estreno las obras Entomo, de los españoles Elías Aguirre y Álvaro Esteban, y Espectral, de Maysabel Pintado, premiadas en el más reciente Certamen Iberoamericano de Coreografía.

Los escenarios de los teatros Mella, Karl Marx y el Gran Teatro de La Habana serán las sedes principales de la cita.

Audio-Visual Media and Language Transfer in 2010, Berlin, Germany

2010-09-02T15:58:00.000-07:00

Language Transfer in Audiovisual Media:
New Media – New Contexts
New Translator Profiles?
Digitisation and the explosion in digital content, social media, cloud computing and new platforms offer growing opportunities for audiovisual production, distribution and localisation. These developments are flanked by diversifying concepts and modes of audiovisual translation (multidimensional translation, all forms of accessibility), consequently blurring distinctions and supposed dichotomies (professional versus amateur, productivity versus quality, subtitling versus dubbing, etc.).

Open resources, open markets and open societies are creating new distribution contexts but are also imposing new (working) constraints, which force us to question current training programmes and anticipate future ones.

The 8th International Languages and the Media Conference and Exhibition with its focus on language transfer in audiovisual media addresses these challenges with the following twelve themes:

1.Global Content – Local Audiences / Global Audiences – Local Content: globalisation vs. glocalisation, global and local markets, multilingual access, internationalisation (English as lingua franca), consumer choice, supply and demand, power and ideology.

2.Broadcasting and Language Policy: programming, multilingual and multicultural settings, internet broadcasting, legislation, special interest channels, ethnic minorities, lesser-used languages.

3.Social Media: YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Wikis and Co., Web 2.0 and Web 3.0, participatory culture.
4.Crowdsourcing: fansubbing, fandubbing, amateur translation and interpreting, activist networks, “natural” translators and interpreters, community translation, collective intelligence.
5.Technical Documentation and AV Localisation: corporate videos, corporate terminology, TMs, AVT and cloud computing, subtitling, voiceover, dubbing, interpreting, narration, reversioning.
6.Access and Live Entertainment: accessibility and social cohesion, audio description for the blind and the partially sighted, subtitling for the deaf and the hard-of-hearing, surtitles, audio subtitling, sign language interpreting, revoicing, museums, opera, theatre, religious settings, sports and other live events.
7.Games Localisation: interactive software, serious games, online and mobile gaming, dealing with linguistic assets.

8.Tools and Technologies: new software developments, 3D, translation memory systems and computer-assisted tools applied to AVT, machine translation, voice recognition, speech-to-text, text-to-speech, virtual environments, digitisation, on-the-go technology, eye-tracking.

9.Productivity and Re-Usability: quantity vs. quality, revision, redubbing, resubtitling, costs, pivot languages, archiving, metadata, multiple platforms, distribution and exhibition, translators’ rights.

10.Translator Training: academic curricula, translators’ agency, skills and abilities, didactics, undergraduate and postgraduate, work placements/work experience.

11.Audiovisual Literacy: research dissemination, professional ethics, audiovisual genres and translation, audience profiling, reception approaches, multimodality.

12.Language Acquisition: foreign language learning and AVT, mother tongue literacy, lesser taught languages, reading skills.
October 6-8, 2010, Berlin, Germany

www.languages-media.com/conference_programme_2010.php

emt gambier thanks FIT in sum up 1 1709

2010-09-02T08:42:00.000-07:00

Language and the Media Conference

2010-08-31T14:16:00.000-07:00

On my last day in East Berlin, Germany, Edith, a friendly German colleague, gave me a quick tour of Alexanderplatz and Nikolai-vierte. I stood and gazed at the World Clock monument overlooking Alexanderplatz which shows simultaneous times in cities around the globe and the word “Weltanschauung” came to mind. I had ventured across the Atlantic and flown beyond time zones to get an overview of the multilingual world at the Languages & the Media Conference and the International Conference and Exhibition on Languages, EXPO, held in Berlin, Germany, November 20-23, 1996.

The theme of this conference evolved around the use of language(s) in the context of social challenges, modes of communication, and technology present for tomorrow, given that language(s) can serve dual functions as assets or obstacles to communication in the media. To what extent will new kinds of telecommunications impact language(s) and other forms of linguistic interactions? The concept of multipoint language diffusion, telematics, and distance-learning have become more prevalent in the global community.

In a multilingual environment, multipoint cooperation is promoted over bilateral collaboration only because the latter can become too limiting. Since the multipoint use of language has changed systematically in time, the existing tradition and knowledge is not satisfactory; consequently, there is a need to research and update knowledge on worldwide telecommunications and media to maximize linguistic diffusion within cultural contexts. “The medium is the message,” words of Marshall McLuhan, the media guru, echoed in the background. Or, can the message be perceived as the medium, “language as a medium”? These rhetorical questions and proposed new queries se the tone throughout the symposium for the panel discussions and the topics for the international team of speakers who attended the sessions.

The closing remarks at the end of this conference, called for media professionals and linguists to consider the consequences of multimedia and study the challenge of “language(s) without the media” or “the media without language(s)” in order to provide
viable solutions for a multilingual world.

Language and the Media Conference
Held in Berlin, Germany

Written by Gardenia Hung-Wittler for THE CHICATA News, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

Christopher Columbus Is Buried Here.wmv

2010-07-06T15:55:00.000-07:00

Interpreter and Translator for Interlate Systems Inc. in Elgin and Aurora, Illinois USA

2010-06-14T07:23:00.000-07:00

While I lived in the Village of Lombard as a resident homeowner, taxpayer, and U.S. citizen in DuPage County, I worked for Interlate Systems, Inc. in Elgin and Aurora doing legal interpreting and translation, medical interpreting, and community intepreting, technical translations, business, banking, corporate, and marketing media, when Renee, Jacquie Guiter, and Brad White were co-owners of Pan Blanco/Interlate Systems Inc. In addition, I was called to interpret at the Court House Downtown for the City of Elgin and City of Aurora at the Courthouse for public hearings, traffic court, human services, depositions, labor relations, workman's compensation arbitration hearings, National Labor Relations Board hearing and arbitrations for workman's compensation disputes and settlements overseen by the Industrial Commission at the State of Illinois building and the Illinois Department of Labor, etc.

A Community Interpreter by G.C. Hung

2010-06-05T07:40:00.000-07:00

HOW I BECAME A COMMUNITY INTERPRETER?
In September 1977, when I was a freshman at Northeastern Illinois University, in Chicago, Illinois, I used to work as a student aide at the Financial Aid Office, for the Veterans Administration Scholarship department and the UNI Scholarship department, when I was not in class, and I also helped the front desk accepting student financial aid forms and advising students about registration procedures. Since Northeastern Illinois is an urban university, the majority of the student population
were urban minorities who commuted to school and work to get a college education in Chicago.

Many of the students were Spanish-speaking people who had just arrived from Mexico, Latin America, the Caribbean or Spain and needed to enroll in college courses to learn English and get a college degree or validate their college transcripts from their former countries in the United States.

Since these students spoke Spanish only at the beginning at UNI, whenever they went to the Financial Aid Office, they required an explanation in Spanish of all the financial aid requirements to apply for the Pell Basic Grant, the Illinois State Scholarship and/or student loans. When I was not completing Veterans’ Scholarship forms, totaling veterans’ points for scholarship after military service, typing award letters and post cards for the veterans, filing, and/or managing awards letters or denials for other scholarship funds, I would be asked to work at the front desk informing students and answering the telephone in English and Spanish. If a Spanish-speaking student was interviewed by a financial aid counselor who only spoke English, sometimes I would be called to interpret from English into Spanish.

Thus, I enjoyed the rapport and the language interaction with my fellow students and fulfilled my responsibility to the community by helping Spanish-speakers become mainstreamed into the English-speaking community at Northeastern Illinois University and in Chicago, as I had been during my high school years where I only spoke English and French, in a Catholic parochial school, Madonna High School on the Northwest side of Chicago.

After completing my core curriculum for my Bachelor’s Degree, I decided to focus on double majors in Education to teach languages like English, French, and Spanish, Writing, and minor in Linguistics and Athletics. Having had four years of English and French in high school, I was accelerated into more advanced courses in these two disciplines, so I completed my major requirements early enough that I could regain my usage of the Spanish language through specialized coursework for bilingual Spanish speakers.

As I became more proficient in the colloquial use of the Spanish language for bilingual speakers in the Chicago area of the Midwest, I interacted between English and French easily, thus I became multilingual. I graduated from Northeastern Illinois University after five years of study with a B.A. in Secondary Education, Type (09) Illinois State Teaching Certificate, English, French, Spanish, and minors in Linguistics, Writing, and Athletics.

It was through one of my friends, Maureen, that I started doing translation work and language instruction at Translingual International. I also taught at Berlitz Language Schools in Downtown Chicago and surrounding suburbs. Later on, I began to interpret at the Illinois Industrial Commission through Accurate Translations for workers’ compensation arbitration hearings for Spanish-speaking employees who had been injured by work-related accidents.

The last two years of college, I was referred and recommended by my French teacher and her physician friend, for a summer job working for an European travel insurance company, GESA Assistance, S.A., based in Barcelona, Spain, with branches in the U.S., Belgium, France, United Kindgom, Germany, Italy, Portugal, some Scandinavian countries like Sweden, Japan, Australia, Mexico, the Caribbean, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Africa. I was hired part-time as a travel insurance representative to assist European travelers with medical-related and other insurance claims, while traveling in the Americas and around the world.

All GESA personnel spoke English, French, Spanish, Dutch, German, Catalan, Portuguese, Japanese. Most of these travel medical insurance claims were handled through telephone interpreting, facsimile, and designated agents and physicians in the corresponding countries. Assistance was provided on a 24-hour basis and full medical claims reports were written in English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and any other required language to be passed on via facsimile or by telephone relay to the insurer’s country of origin. Many times I was required to provide emergency medical assistance on world-time, that is to say, observing European time, 8-10 hours ahead of U.S. time, contacting Doctors-on-Call or Physicians Without Borders to effect repatriations, emergency hospitalizations, and/or contact attorneys for legal interventions. During these emergency situations, I developed a quick way to contact medical personnel and/or legal assistance through a zip code grid identifying the area where the insured called by zeroing in on the address zip code to quickly locate assistance on call, at the last minute. This approach was later on used to organize the U.S. GESA Assistance response to the emergency calls from the insured travelers around the world.

Although this part-time job was not well remunerated, I enjoyed working with foreign nationals who traveled world-wide, interpreting and translating for their claims over the telephone, and using multilingual and cultural skills in an international U.S. and European company. I felt I was a community interpreter as I became an essential link between the insured traveler and the GESA Assistance network around the world.

In the past, I have also worked with a federal agency in Virginia, as a community interpreter assigned to federal investigative work under strict confidentiality. In addition, I have done extensive legal interpreting for workmen's compensation at the Industrial Commission in Chicago; as well as in the Illinois judicial system in Cook, DuPage, Kane, Will, and LaSalle counties. While doing graduate work for communications at the University of Illinois Hospital in Chicago, I was a also a volunteer community interpreter at the Emergency Room for elderly Spanish and English-speaking patients for a study sponsored by the Gerontological Society of America.

Having worked for the U.S. Department of Labor as a medical claims examiner, and as an insurance customer agent for travelers, also provided excellent background for medical interpreting experience to teach Medical Spanish at the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn.

So, I have become an incidental community interpreter, in addition to being an educator in Illinois, as I fine-tuned my language skills in English, Spanish, French, and later studied basic Portuguese and Japanese in graduate school at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

As a community interpreter I feel that I am able to help people using languages to communicate better and assimilate in the community where they live for the benefit of all involved, you, me, and the community. Thus languages are not only used to express our thoughts, ideas, and emotions, but also become working tools for communicating the needs of the community within cultural contexts in the 21st century.

"Frequently Asked Questions about Interpreting" by Gardenia C. Hung
http://www.americantranslators.org/divisions/FLD/fldfaqs.htm
TIP Lab Seminar for Interpretation and Translation by Holly Mikkelson, Ph.D.

Cuban Underwater Tour of Spanish-American Vessels

2010-05-26T11:02:00.000-07:00

Cuba to open tour of sunken Spanish-American War vessels
(AFP) – 4 days ago

HAVANA — Cuba plans to open underwater excursions to view six sunken vessels wrecked in 1898 off the island's shores during the Spanish-American War, the state-run Cubatur tourism firm said Friday.

From October 1, visitors will be able to dive around the wrecks of five Spanish warships that were trapped in Santiago bay in southeastern Cuba and sunk by US warships in a running naval battle on July 3, 1898.

The five Spanish ships were the cruisers "Cristobal Colon," "Almirante Oquendo," and the "Vizcaya," and the destroyers "Furor," and "Pluton."

The sixth sunken vessel was the US steamer "Merrimac," which the Americans scuttled at the mouth of the bay to block the escape of the Spanish fleet.

The Spanish suffered 371 dead, 151 wounded and 1,670 prisoners, including Spanish admiral Pascual Cervera, who called the mismatch "a sacrifice as sterile as it was useless." The US side suffered one dead and two wounded.

Tourism is Cuba's main earner, ahead of medical services in other countries. The island receives 2.4 million tourists annually, who bring in some two billion dollars in revenue.

European Citizens' Convention at the University Roma Tre in Italy

2010-05-04T08:19:00.000-07:00

Ines Caloisi May 1 at 1:22pm Reply
Dear ALL,

I'd like to invite you to the European Citizens' Convention that will be held in Rome at University Roma Tre organized by MFE ( European Federalist Movement)-
I enclose the fb weblink to visualize the event
http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=204445492816&ref=ts
and the website
www.diritticollettivi.eu
It could be a good chance to support a European event connected to Human rights !
All the best

Ines

Carissimi,
un invito a partecipare alla Convenzione Europea dei Beni Pubblici e diritti comuni organizzata dal Movimento Federalista Europeo.
Prego visitate il link di fb per i dettagli
http://www.facebook.com/#!/group.php?gid=204445492816&ref=ts
e il sito web online
www.diritticollettivi.eu
Un altro modo per sostenere e promuovere i diritti umani,
saluti
Ines

Ines Caloisi May 4 at 5:59am Reply
The Permanent Forum of European civil society,
which includes representatives of organizations
involved in defending and developing the
European Union, met in Brussels on April 25, 2010.
Faithful to the spirit of the Schuman Declaration
of 9 May 1950 which gave birth to the European
Union, the Forum wanted to learn from the
current EU situation characterized by a deep crisis,
both financial, economic, social and therefore
political.
The participants were eager to give substance to
the desire expressed by Member States to
"continue the process of creating an ever closer
Union among the peoples of Europe."
To do this, they believe that the Lisbon Treaty
must be implemented, completed and updated in
a democratic, transparent and efficient manner
with the help of civil society. Therefore, they
decided to initiate a process aiming to convene a
“renovated convention" like those prior to both
the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the
Constitutional Treaty. This “renovated convention”
will allow the representative political
forces of democracy, at national and European
levels, to formulate concrete solutions to the
collective needs of European citizens and residents
by giving the EU the political, legislative and
financial resources to ensure the Union-wide
collective goods and rights.
Brussels, May 5, 2010.
SIÈGE SOCIAL
Square de Meeus, 25 - BE 1000 Bruxelles (Belgique)
Téléphone : + (32) 2 508 30 84 – Fax + (32) 2 508 30 89
SECRÉTARIAT ET ADMINISTRATION
Avenue du Rond Point, 10 - BE-1330 Rixensart (Belgique)
Téléphone & Fax : +32 2 652 27 82
Courriel : philippe.grosjean@skynet.be

Langmates

2010-04-19T10:22:00.000-07:00

Langmates.com is the social network for translators and translation agencies. Join the growing community of freelance and in-house translators, translation project managers, human resource managers, and other industry experts! You can help to bring vibrant energy to the industry of translation and localisation services!

Free Webinar: Best Practices for Working with Health Translation Providers

2010-03-01T07:36:00.000-08:00

Free Webinar: Best Practices for Working with Health Translation Providers

Your Voice, an AHRQ collaborator, is offering its 5th free Webinar. In this 75-minute webinar, translation and health care experts will share best practices for producing multilingual materials that accurately convey the information in the source document. In this session, you will learn:

Essential quality assurance steps for the translation process.
Common pitfalls to avoid when selecting an external vendor.
Solutions to challenges regarding internal providers.
How to use translation technology – and when to avoid it.
Participants will have the opportunity to obtain tips and recommendations from expert panelists on working with translation providers to ensure that translations are performed with the necessary levels of quality, at the right price, and within the required timeframes, followed by a 15-minute interactive Q&A session. The presenters are:

Nai Kasick, Director of Health Promotion and Cultural and Linguistic Services, L.A. Care, who is responsible for the translation and interpretation services for nearly 800,000 Medi-Cal, Health Families and Healthy Kids members in Los Angeles County.
Nataly Kelly, Senior Analyst, Common Sense Advisory, who is a respected author, consultant and advisor with a specialized interest in interpreting services.
Carolyn Wang Kong, MPP, MPH, Practice Leader, Language Access, Kaiser Permanente, who is a Practice Leader with Kaiser Permanente Northern California region. She is responsible for providing leadership in developing and implementing a regional strategy for language access, which includes interpreter and translation services.
Visit this URL to register for this free webinar: https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/165997395

Best Practices for Working with Health Care Translation Providers

Thursday, March 11, 2010 1:00 PM - 2:15 PM EST

Webinar Registration

Health care organizations are accustomed to providing interpreting services for spoken language encounters between patients and providers, but they often wrestle with ensuring that written documents are translated with the necessary levels of quality. In this 60-minute webinar, industry experts will share best practices for working with health care providers – both internal and external – to produce multilingual materials that accurately convey the information in the source document. In this session, you will learn:

-Essential quality assurance steps for the translation process
-Common pitfalls to avoid when selecting an external vendor
-Solutions to challenges regarding internal providers
-How to use translation technology – and when to avoid it

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What translators’ clients are more demanding?

2010-02-17T13:04:00.000-08:00

New poll for freelance translators has been opened:

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http://www.Translat ionDirectory. com/polls/ poll_073/ index.php

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[Babel-Translation-Jobs]

Interpreting and Translation for Gardenia C. Hung, Communications Consultant

2010-02-12T12:43:00.000-08:00

While the Chicago Area Translators and Interpreters Association was active in the linguistic global community, I was invited to participate by a colleague Patti Jacobs, a co-worker at Public Information Access, Inc., also known as PIA, Inc. in Chicago. Patti Jacobs was a member of CHICATA which met at the Sulzer Public Library on Montrose and Lincoln Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. I attended CHICATA meetings on Saturday afternoons and paid professional membership dues, also volunteering as an active contributor for the CHICATA newsletter. During one of the CHICATA meetings, a guest speaker from I.W.O.C., discussed the Independent Writers of Chicago, then I joined the independent writers group as a freelance writer and contributor to the newsletters.

Since 1994, I became an active communications professional, participant, and presenter in conferences for the Illinos Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (I.C.T.F.L.), the American Translators Association (ATA), the Federation of International Translators (FIT), in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Nashville, Tennessee, San Francisco, California, Montréal, Québec, Toronto, at the Orillia Conference Center in Ontario, and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Then, I travelled to Strasbourg, France, Berlin, Germany in Europe for the FIT conferences in Europe.

Caribbean Seascape from Cuba

2010-01-10T12:16:00.000-08:00

Greetings from Santiago de Cuba: El Parque Céspedes y la Catedral de Santiago de Cuba (top); La Basilica de la Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre en Cuba

2010-01-02T16:20:00.001-08:00

El Día de Acción de Gracias: Thankgiving Day

2009-11-06T08:44:00.001-08:00

Celebrate World Languages Week, Happy Valentine's Day Around the World

2009-02-12T07:55:00.000-08:00

World Languages Week, February 9th-13th, 2009

For Valentine's Day, "14 Ways to Say "I Love You" in World Languages:

French: Je t'adore, Je t'aime
German: Ich liebe dich
Italian: Ti amo
Polish: Kocham cie
Spanish: Te adoro, Te amo
Tagalog (dialect in the Philippines):
Mahal kita
Farsi (Persian): Tora dost daram
Japanese: Kimi o ai shiteru
Punjabi: Main tainu pyar karma
Russian: Ya tyebya lyublyu
Yiddish: Ikh hob dikh lib
Turkish: Seni seviyorum
Urdu: Main tumse muhabbat karta hoon
English: I Love You, I Adore You

Transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

--from DuPage Woman Newspaper, January-February 2009

THE AMERICAS IN THE NEW WORLD, FROM THE ARRIVAL OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON OCTOBER 27, 1492 AND SEBASTIAN DE OCAMPO, BETWEEN 1508 AND 1509

2008-07-29T09:40:00.000-07:00

"UPCOMING 500TH ANNIVERSARY IN THE CARIBBEAN"

Long before the arrival of the Spaniards to the Caribbean, the island of Cuba was populated by Native American Indian tribes, that is to say, "siboneyes", who lived in the caves and lived from hunting and fishing; "taínos" who excelled in clay pottery and practiced agriculture; and "guanajatebeyes" who were nomads and populated the western coasts.

On October 27, 1492, Christopher Columbus sighted Cuba on his first voyage. The next day, Columbus landed, christening the port with the Christian name of "San Salvador", "Savior", where he touched land and, naming "Juana", the island which he thought to be a continent. Between 1508 and 1509, Sebastián de Ocampo navigated around the island and in 1511, Don Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar initiated the conquest of the same land. In 1512, the city of Baracoa, at the northern tip of Cuba was founded; in 1513, Bayamo on the southwestern side; and in 1514, Trinidad in the southern middle, Sancti Spiritus, Santa María del Puerto Príncipe, Santiago de Cuba, and La Habana were established as the first seven (7) cities in the New World for the Americas.

The indigenous population was divided out to the entrusted and appointed landholders, "encomendaderos". However, abusive work, hard labor, and disease from the Old World, dominated the Native American population which motivated the introduction of African black slave labor on the island of Cuba.

The Christian Catholic King of Spain, Don Fernando II, ruler of Aragón, became married to Doña Isabel of Castilla, with equity in the exercise of power. In the 15th century, at the beginning of 1482, the King and Queen of Spain developed military campaigns for the Reconquest of the Moorish lands which escalated to the seize of Granada, in Andalusía, Spain, circa 1492. During the same year, the Muslim Arabs surrendered in Granada and Seville to end eight (8) centuries of Islamic control which sealed the Christian conquest for the Spanish territories. Simultaneously, the discovery and exploration of the New World in the Americas by Don Christopher Columbus, occurred during the same times, in 1492.

Christopher Columbus was a Spanish-Italian sea explorer and navigator (who was probably a native of Genoa, born in 1451 and lived until 1506, in Valladolid, Spain). At the time, Columbus believed that in order to arrive at the East of the world, there was a route by sea to the West. With the protection of Don Juan Pérez, Prior of La Rabida, Christopher Columbus was granted the signature for Capitulations of the Holy Faith, according to which, Columbus received the title of Admiral, Viceroy, and Governor of the lands he discovered in the New World.

On the first voyage, Columbus sailed from Puerto de Palos on August 3rd, at the command of the Spanish galleons "carabelas", la Pinta, la Niña y la Santa María, and arrived to the island of Guanahaní, "San Salvador", on October 12, 1492.

Christopher Columbus discovered Cuba on October 27, 1492, five hundred and fifteen (515) years ago, and the island christened "La Española", Hispaniola, also known by the Amerindian name of "Quisqueya" or Haití, where he established the Spanish fort Nativity. On December 5, 1492, Columbus discovered the island known today as the Dominican Republic and Haití. Afterwards, he returned to Palos and was received with triumph in Barcelona, Spain.

Upon the return to Spain from the discovery of the New World in the Americas by Christopher Columbus, the Spanish Catholic monarchs arranged before Pope Alexander VI the concession of the ecclesiastical Alexandrian edicts which assigned to the Spain the new territories in the New World. Since Portugal had closed the route to the spices for Castilla, Spain, Christopher Columbus had a projected mission to reach the Orient, in the East, by way of the Western (Occident) which was accepted and sponsored by the Catholic King and Queen, reigning monarchs of Spain.

Columbus' accounts of his voyages in the New World remain in the Archives of the Indies as the documented description of an ethnographer, ethnologist, and ethnolinguist in the Americas. Christopher Columbus provided and recorded news and first impressions about the native indigenous inhabitants in the Caribbean and of the lands he discovered along the way.

The Republic of Cuba is an insular state of Central America. Cuba represents the island known for the same name of the country, in addition to the island of Youth or Isla de Pinos, other smaller islands in its surroundings, and some 1,600 adjoining islets known as keys or "cayos", such as Key West, also known as Cayo Hueso.

Cuba can be found in the middle of the Caribbean, between the Strait of Florida and the old Channel of the Bahamas to the North; the eastern section of Cuba faces the Windward Channel; the southern littoral looks upon the Caribbean Sea or the Antilles; west of the Yucatán Peninsula and northwest toward the Gulf of México--only 99 miles from the United States of America, close to the states of Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama in the south.

Geographically, the island of Cuba extends in the shape of an arc from the northwest to the southeast with a longitude of 1,255 kilometers, from the tip of Cabo San Antonio to the point of Maisí.

The topography of Cuba is made of predominant plains or hills, with the exception of the mountain ranges of the Sierra Maestra to the southeast, which features the elevation called Pico Turquino, the highest point of view in Cuba, at 1,974 meters in altitude, and other smaller mountaineous extensions, such as the Sierra del Escambray at the center of Cuba with the Pico San Juan at 1,056 meters in altitude, and the mountain chain known as "cordilleras de los Organos", which hardly rise above 690 meters in contrast to the elevation for the Pan de Guajabón.

The Cuban seacoasts are flanked by a great number of islands and islets. These maritime keys emerge up to considerable distances from the Cuban littoral in the Caribbean.

Cuba has more than 200 rivers, generally not long enough, but with impetuous currents. Among the major Cuban rivers is El Cauto which floods the surroundings areas of Santiago de Cuba during tropical storms, hurricanes, and cyclones, that is to say "maritime twisters", and is required to be controlled by a river dam, "la represa del Cauto". In addition, there are the rivers called Cuyaguateje, Sagua La Grande, Sagua La Chica, Aguabama, etc.

The Cuban climate is softened by tropical and maritime breezes.

The Spanish colonial city of Santiago de Cuba was founded in 1514, nestled among a series of hills near the mountain range of the Sierra Maestra, in the heart of the eastern municipal district of Oriente.

The architectural design of the building constructions have been adapted typically over time to the mountainous topography and frequently, the lower back rooms of the houses are found at a lower level than the front upper rooms of the same houses in Cuba.

Spain called Cuba "the Pearl of the Antilles".

From Source: 2000 Nuevo Espasa Ilustrado. Diccionario Enciclopédico. Espasa Calpe, S.A. (1999), España.

THE AMERICAS IN THE NEW WORLD, FROM THE ARRIVAL OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON OCTOBER 27, 1492 AND SEBASTIAN DE OCAMPO, BETWEEN 1508 AND 1509
--UPCOMING 500TH ANNIVERSARY IN THE CARIBBEAN.
(English from Spanish Translation by Gardenia C. Hung, M.A.,B.A.)

400th Anniversary for the Municipality of Santiago de Cuba, City of Pilgrimages and Pilgrims, UNESCO World Heritage City, Patrimonio de la Humanidad

2008-07-01T09:45:00.000-07:00

Courtesy Copy for English Translation from Spanish -- For Reference and Information

1607-2007: 400th Anniversary for the Municipality of Santiago de Cuba—“Heroic City of the Republic of Cuba, Ciudad Héroe de la República de Cuba” , “City of Pilgrimages and Pilgrims”, Santiago de Cuba, UNESCO World Heritage: Patrimonio de la Humanidad.
Spanish to English Translation by Gardenia C. Hung Fong, M.A., B.A.

The Municipality of Santiago de Cuba was founded by the Spanish conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, as one of the first seven cities in the Republic of Cuba during the year 1514 Anno Domini. The City of Santiago was the first official capital of Cuba until 1550. Since its foundation, this historical colonial town has had a Municipal City Hall and was granted the title status of city in the year 1522 A.D., on the same date in which the Cathedral of Santiago de Cuba was built by order of Pope Adrian VI of Utrecht, Regent of Spain, at the Vatican in Rome for the Catholic Church.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Cuba suffered from the siege of pirates, corsairs, and buccaneers in the Caribbean, the Greater Antilles, the Gulf of Mexico, to include those from Central and South America, as well as North America and Europe.

The city of Santiago de Cuba is privileged for its geographical location and central Caribbean placement. Consequently, Santiago de Cuba became a haven for the French colonists, settlers who emigrated to the nearest town across the waters from Haiti to escape the consequences of the Haitian Revolution. These French settlers developed within their surrounding area vast coffee plantations and other agricultural staples, while sponsoring interaction and integration of Spaniards, French, and African slaves, as well as defining the socio-economic and political profile of Santiago de Cuba and the cross-cultural identity of its inhabitants and native residents.

During the 19th century, with the heat of the independent struggles for nationalism throughout the Americas, the rebellious heart of the city Santiago de Cuba became exalted. Thus, Santiago has given to history many immortal patriots to the independent struggle against the Spanish colonial bond at the time, such as the descendants of Maceo, Lora, and other Cuban heroes, like Frank País, in the revolutionary strife during this century and beyond... Hence, it is with justice, fairness, and equity that Santiago de Cuba has been granted the honorary title of "Heroic City of the Republic of Cuba--Ciudad Héroe de la República de Cuba."

Not only is Santiago de Cuba a vintage city full of historical legacy, but it is also the cradle of poets, writers, musicians, minstrels, and artists, painters, from Heredia to Soler Puig.

Santiago de Cuba is considered to be the Cuban capital of the world since its beginnings, in the measure of its efforts which this Cuban regional area invests to develop and expand its markets; thus increasing its word-wide investements--given its privileged geographical location and importance as the second city in the Republic of Cuba.

Santiago is complemented by an international seaport and adjoining industrial sector, which includes a thermoelectrical plant, oil refinery, cement manufacturing, and other industrial facilities.

The economy of Santiago de Cuba is distinguished by its diversified agriculture in the sugar industry and in the development of the agrarian sector for such important staples as coffee, dairy products, produce, and fruit harvests, particularly for citrus.

This Cuban city also relies on important natural resources in forestry and environmental vegetation, rich in species, which have promoted Santiago de Cuba to become one of the principal forestry regions in the Republic of Cuba. These ecological assets combined with hydraulic resources and the variety of landscapes and seascapes Cuba has reserved in Santiago, allows the City of Pilgrimages and Pilgrims to have an enormous potential for tourism from around the world.

Source: Brochure for "Santiago de Cuba", published by the Banco Internacional de Comercio, S.A., Sede Central, 20 de Mayo y Ayesterán, Apartado 6113, La Habana 6 , Cuba.

Spanish to English Translation by Gardenia C. Hung Fong, M.A., B.A., from a brochure pamphlet given by my Aunt Xiomara Fong Ramos

For reference, the city of Santiago de Cuba was named after the biblical evangelist and apostle Saint James who preached the gospels of Jesus Christ in Spain as Santiago de Compostela, during the 9th century through the 11th century on behalf of Christianity. During the Middle Ages, Santiago was the patron saint of pilgrims, pilgrimages, and the knights. Santiago was represented as one of the apostles of Jesus Christ.

Source:
Spanish to English translation by Gardenia C. Hung Fong, M.A., B.A.
La Biblia y los Santos. Guía iconográfica. Alianza Editorial, Madrid, Spain, 1996,pages 347-348. Authors Gastón Duchet-Suchaux and Michel Pastoreau. Versión española de César Vidal.

Gardenia C. Hung, M.A.